CNC machine tools are highly automated machine tools. With the rapid development of social production and science and technology, the performance and quality of mechanical products are constantly improving and redesigning frequently. In machining, multi-variety and small-batch processing accounts for about 80%. In this way, the machine tool not only requires high precision and production efficiency, but also has "flexibility", that is, flexible and universal, and can quickly adapt to changes in machined parts. The CNC machine tool solves the problem of complex, precise, small batch and variable parts processing. It has the advantages of strong adaptability, high processing precision, stable processing quality and high production efficiency. It is a flexible and efficient automatic machine tool. With the development of technologies such as electronics, automation, computers and precision testing, the position of CNC machine tools in the machinery manufacturing industry will be more important.
Classified by process use
Metal cutting CNC machine tools, including CNC lathes, CNC drilling machines, CNC milling machines, CNC grinding machines, CNC boring machines and machining centers. These machines are suitable for single-piece, small-batch and multi-variety and part machining, with excellent processing dimensional consistency, high productivity and automation, and high equipment flexibility.
Metal forming CNC machine tools; such machine tools include CNC bending machines, CNC combination punching machines, CNC pipe bending machines, CNC rotary head presses, etc.
CNC special processing machine tools; such machine tools include CNC wire (electrode) cutting machine tools, CNC EDM machines, CNC flame cutting machines, CNC laser cutting machines, special combination machine tools.
Other types of numerical control equipment; non-processing equipment uses numerical control technology, such as automatic assembly machines, multi-Coordinate Measuring Machines, automatic plotters and industrial robots.
Classified by motion
Point control; point control CNC machine tools are characterized by the fact that the moving parts of the machine tool can only achieve precise movement from one position to another, without any machining process during the movement and positioning process. Such as CNC drilling machine, number-by-coordinate boring machine, CNC welding machine and CNC pipe bending machine.
Linear control; the linear control of the point is that the moving parts of the machine not only need to realize precise movement and positioning of one coordinate position to another, but also realize linear feed motion parallel to the coordinate axis or control two coordinate axes to realize oblique Line feed movement.
Contour control; Contour control The characteristic of CNC machine tools is that the moving parts of the machine tool can realize simultaneous linkage control of two coordinate axes. It not only requires controlling the starting and ending coordinate positions of the moving parts of the machine tool, but also requires controlling the speed and displacement of each point of the whole machining process, that is, it is required to control the motion trajectory and process the parts into straight lines, curves or surfaces in space. .
Classified by control
Open loop control; that is, the control method without position feedback device.
Semi-closed loop control means that an angular displacement detecting device is arranged on the open-loop control servo motor shaft, and the displacement of the moving component is indirectly detected by detecting the rotation angle of the servo motor to the comparator of the numerical control device, and compared with the input command, the difference is used. The value controls the moving part.
Closed-loop control; direct linear or rotary detection device at the corresponding position of the final moving part of the machine tool, feeding back the directly measured displacement or angular displacement value to the comparator of the numerical control device and comparing with the input command shift amount, using the difference The value controls the moving parts so that the moving parts move exactly according to the actual required displacement.
Controlling the performance classification of machine tools by number
Economical CNC machine tools;
Mid-range CNC machine tools;
High-grade CNC machine tools;
Classified according to the composition of the numerical control devices used
Hard wire CNC system;
Flexible CNC system;
The CNC system is used to control metal cutting machines. It is also commonly used to control simple machines such as wire cutters, punch presses, and gas cutters to complex devices such as robots. There is a wide range of needs in terms of high reliability, flexibility, and mechatronics.
The programming of CNC machine tools should include the following contents: firstly analyze the part pattern, formulate the process plan according to the material, shape size, precision, surface quality, blank type and heat treatment requirements of the part, determine the processing route, and carry out numerical calculation to obtain the numerical control machine tool. Enter the data; plus the required process instructions, you can write a program sheet, as the basis for the production of CNC tape. The CNC tape made on the puncher must be carefully proofed to prevent errors.
The machine tool numerical control system is a position control system, which should first input the part processing program that is reduced according to the specific requirements of the machined parts: Then, the numerical control system processes the input part program data segments accordingly, and interpolates the data segments to the ideal one. The tool trajectory is output and the interpolation result is output to the actuator to machine the required part. The machine tool numerical control system is mainly composed of several parts: the input of the part processing program, data processing, interpolation calculation and servo mechanism control.
CNC machine tools using computers have been developed with new achievements in the fields of modern computer technology, automatic control technology, sensors and measurement technology, and mechanical manufacturing technology, which have made machining to a higher level.
The computer numerical control system is mainly composed of two parts: hardware and software. The system control software cooperates with the system hardware to reasonably organize and manage the input, data processing, interpolation and output information and control execution components of the CNC system, so that the CNC machine tools can be processed in an orderly manner according to the requirements of the operator.
When the machine tool numerical control system is working, the operator prepares the part processing program according to the pattern requirements of the machined parts. Usually, the part processing program is manually input through the keyboard, and the part programming program can be directly input into the control system through the input interface by the upper computer programmer.
Due to the high cost of CNC machine tools, it is currently used for the processing of small and medium-sized parts with complex shapes and high precision requirements. With the popularization of numerical control technology and the reduction of the cost of electronic devices, especially the emergence of computer numerical control systems and the rapid development of microcomputers, the application range of numerical control machine tools is constantly expanding, the processing precision is continuously improved, and the cost is continuously reduced.
The development of CNC machine tools has been more than 40 years old, and it is closely related to the development of electronic technology, especially computer technology. Will be applied in a wider range of areas.
In the early products of CNC machine tools, CNC devices were dedicated. In recent years, logic circuits in numerical control devices have been replaced by computers, thereby achieving control diversification and multi-functionality. From the point of view of complexization technology, it is not the ultimate goal to enhance the control function and automate the operation of the machine tool. The control function should achieve excellent control and adaptive control, and diagnostics should be added for this purpose. Through sensor feedback, intelligent processing is realized and the reliability of the system is guaranteed.
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economic measuring machine
suitable for measuring 2D and simple 3D workpiece
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Quickmeasuring software easy to operate
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Dongguan Jaten Instrument Co.,LTD(HK TT:Jaten Technology Co.,Ltd ​) , http://www.jatentech.com