HONGTOUSHAN copper ore to adapt to the changing nature of the ore, in terms of a reasonable choice of grinding location, and control of ore through the mill due to grinding, flotation technology and other enhanced carried out many reforms, the beneficiation process and constantly tend to improve, The level of production technology continues to increase.
1. The process characteristics SITU metal ores hydrothermal filling and replacement, copper - zinc, pyrite multiple metal sulfide ore. Mineral composition is relatively simple, metallic minerals pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, gangue minerals quartz, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, and other silicate of celestite the Lord. The deep ore of the ore body has obvious changes in the size of the inlaid cloth and the intercalation structure of the useful minerals, that is, the structure is complicated and the mosaic relationship is extremely close.
In the process of copper-zinc-sulfur sorting, iron sulfide is an interfering mineral. Only by solving the problem of sulfur suppression, the flotation of copper and zinc can proceed smoothly.
The relationship between mineral processing index and raw ore sulfur grade Statistical analysis of production technology indicators from 1977 to 1980 shows that when the process flow and technical operating conditions are basically the same, the mineral processing index has no obvious relationship with the copper ore grade, and is directly related to the sulfur ore grade.
ε copper = 96.986-0.839S + 0.062S 2 - 0.002S 3
β copper=16.5741+0.092S+0.0095S 2 -0.0003S 3
Beneficiation efficiency=98.575-1.593S+0.086S 2 -0.002S 3
In the case of unchanged ore grades, the ore grade sulfur grade increased by 5%, copper recovery and beneficiation efficiency decreased by 0.84% ​​and 1.0%.
The relationship between the ore dressing index and the pyrrhotite content in the ore: The ore dressing index is not only related to the original grade of sulfur, but also related to the pyrrhotite content in the ore. When the pyrrhotite content in the ore increased by 5%, the copper recovery and beneficiation efficiency decreased by 3.06% and 2.62%, respectively.
Beneficiation efficiency = 115.096 – 4.058 + 0.206S 2 – 0.004S 3
The curve in Figure 1 below reflects the extent to which the beneficiation index is affected by changes in the sulfur ore. Therefore, in order to improve the beneficiation index of copper and zinc, it is necessary to seriously solve the problem of suppression of iron sulfide.
figure 1 
2. Improve production practices of mineral processing indicators
Research and improvement of the flotation principle process The flotation process is a direct flotation process from copper and sulfur to a copper-sulfur partial mixed flotation process. Years of production practice shows that the improved process has significantly improved the technical indicators of the three products of copper, zinc and sulfur (see table below). [next]
Comparison of indicators between the two processes | |||||||||
Flotation process | Raw ore grade (%) | Concentrate grade (%) | Recovery rate(%) | ||||||
copper | Zinc | sulfur | copper | Zinc | sulfur | copper | Zinc | sulfur | |
One-stage grinding priority flotation | 1.45 | 　 | 11.63 | 12.87 | 　 | 35.31 | 90 | 　 | 35 |
One-stage grinding and flotation | 1.22 | 1.62 | 15.88 | 18.71 | 49.33 | 43.42 | 92.82 | 60.82 | 54.87 |
The number of grinding sections and the choice of grinding sites: the chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrrhotite are closely symbiotic in the ore, and the thickness is uneven. The dissociation curves of the four minerals are shown in Fig. 2. From product sieve analysis and fractional recovery calculation, the metal in the ore is mostly distributed at the fine-grain level. In the -37 micron class, copper accounts for 58.56%, zinc accounts for 58.16%, and sulfur accounts for 54.38%. The total loss of copper is dominated by coarse fraction, while the loss of sulfur is dominated by fine fraction.
figure 2
In order to make the grinding products properly meet the optimization of the particle size requirements of various minerals, according to the characteristics of useful mineral inlays, the grinding process of the mine, from a grinding process to a two-stage grinding process, develops to The stage grinding process selection process has significantly improved production indicators.
The dissociation degree of mineral monomer in the separation operation is poor, only 31.49~35.36%, and the copper lost in the sulfur concentrate is mostly continuous body. Therefore, after the medium-mineral re-grinding strengthens the separation of copper and sulfur, the medium-mineral monomer dissociates. The degree is increased to 64.61~69.27%. Due to the re-grinding effect, desorbing the agent and cleaning the mineral surface is beneficial to suppressing sulfur floating copper, which improves the copper recovery rate by 0.87% and the concentrate grade by 1.115%.
3. Comprehensive enhancement of the flotation process to change the location of the drug addition. Adding xanthate to the ball mill can reduce the impact of certain ions on flotation and increase the recovery rate of copper. In the small closed circuit test, the copper recovery rate increased by 1.47%, and industrial production has been promoted.
Butyl ammonium black drug is used for copper-sulfur separation flotation. The original butyl yellow drug and white ash float copper inhibit sulfur, and the separation effect of copper and sulfur is not good. The use of butyl ammonium black medicine instead of xanthate, and white ash separation of copper and sulfur, received significant results. The small test copper recovery rate is 1.46%, and the concentrate grade is 1.233% higher. Similar results were obtained in industrial trials, with a reduction in the cost of the drug by 4%.
Increase the number of revolutions of the flotation machine and strengthen the flotation process. Iron sulfide is easy to oxidize, and the oxygen absorption rate is fast. When copper-sulfur mixed flotation, it competes with copper for oxygen absorption. Therefore, when the ore grade is high, the copper recovery rate decreases. The ore mixing rate and aeration amount were tested with an ore having a sulfur copper grade ratio of 13.3. The results showed that the copper recovery rate increased with the increase of the linear velocity of the flotation machine impeller. In the industry, the number of 6A flotation machines was increased from 280 rpm to 340 rpm, and the recovery rate of mixed copper was increased by 0.69%.
Inflatable agitation, reducing the iron content of zinc concentrates, aeration method, accelerating the oxidation of pyrite and pyrrhotite, reducing its floatability, and has applications in Canada and Japan. Reduce its floatability and have applications in Canada and Japan. The small test of aerated agitation shows that the zinc floatation rate is significantly improved and the sulfur floatation rate is decreased. Industrially, four sets of self-made ф2000mm mixers were used to continuously aerate the slurry of zinc flotation. The average number of revolutions of the mixer was 280 rpm, and the amount of gas was 0.929 m 3 /m 2 •min. The flotation results of aerated agitation controlled the uplift of iron, and the recovery rate of zinc was increased from 77.78% to 83.05%.
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