The birth of China's first heavy truck has so far been 50 years old. In the first 30 years, the “big four and small†such as the Yellow River, Hongyan, Yan’an, Long March, and Dongfanghong were successively formed, which evolved into Roman (Jiqi) and Steyr (Jiqi, Chuanqi, Shaanxi Auto). Mercedes-Benz (Northern Mercedes-Benz) and Nissan Diesel (Dongfeng) are among the "Five Golden Flower Camps". The signification of the localization of the Steyr heavy trucks in 1990 was followed by a tragicomedy of “shifting†with heavy trucks of the Steyr Three Brothers and medium-duty truck companies represented by Liberation and Dongfeng. . After the reorganization of China National Heavy Duty Truck Group at the end of 2000, Nirvana's reborn "Three Steyrs" went their separate ways in the "Warring States battle" in the past ten years. In 2004 and 2010, there were two rounds of "new recruits". Then what will dominate the pattern of China's heavy truck industry in the next decade?
â—Policy impact
In the past ten years, it has been said that the three most important national policies for the heavy-duty truck industry are the introduction of "Classification of Motor Vehicles and Trailers" (GB/T15089-2001) in 2001 and the "Outline of Road Vehicles" issued in 2004. "Size, Axial Load and Quality Limits" (GB1589-2004) and the implementation of the 3rd emission standard for commercial vehicles starting in July 2008.
For a long period of time before 2001, China’s large-tonnage truck market has been dominated by medium-sized trucks and so-called medium-heavy trucks. Under the influence of natural and man-made disasters, the main force of traditional heavy trucks—the original China National Heavy Duty Truck Group’s jurisdiction Jihua, Chuanqi and Shaanxi Auto all reached the edge of bankruptcy. In addition, the technical specifications that govern China's medium- and heavy-duty truck products were all drafted in the 1980s. All manufacturers produced medium-heavy trucks with different product specifications and were relatively poor in safety and mobility, which seriously affected the normal development of China's heavy-duty truck industry. . After the introduction of “Classification of Motor Vehicles and Trailersâ€, China has clearly classified all commercial trucks and trailers according to the total mass of vehicles, and the heavy truck products are accurately defined as N3 models with more than 12 tons. This regulation has made a lot of explicit restrictions on the technology of N3 models. This has enabled the newly completed "Steyr Three Brothers" to recover in areas where they are good at.
In 2004, under the leadership of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, and Traffic Road, the National Standard for “Outline Size, Axle Load, and Quality Limits of Road Vehicles†was issued in response to the domestic operation of the heavy-duty truck industry. The introduction of this provision made the first differentiation of the domestic medium and heavy truck market. The “second child†of the “Sterrel Three Brothers†was born in the new generation of Sinotruk Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “China's heavy truckâ€). The first group army, and the "boss" Chongqing Hongyan Heavy-duty Truck Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as: Chongqing Hongyan) is the leader of the second group army and faces the challenges of the "3rd" Shaanxi Automobile Group and the heavy truck Xinjun Beiqi Futian. .
Prior to 2008, in the first group army of China's heavy-duty truck market, China Heavy Duty Truck ranked long after FAW Liberation and Dongfeng Motor. When China National Heavy Duty Trucks implements the 3rd national emission standard for commercial vehicles in the country, it has also launched a new technical route for “electronically controlled mechanical pump + EGRâ€. This highly economical technology transformation route has resulted in the acquisition of complete vehicle products in the market. Stronger competitiveness has changed the ranking of the First Army. China National Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd., with its "electronically controlled mechanical pump + EGR" engine, has overtaken Dongfeng Motor as the second largest manufacturer in terms of production and sales, and is the follower of the "electronically controlled mechanical pump + EGR" engine represented by Hualing and Jianghuai. In the third group army, it also began to stir up, trying to challenge the position of the third group leader, Bei Ben Heavy Duty Truck.
The most important factor affecting the development of China's heavy truck industry is undoubtedly the introduction and implementation of national policies. With local governments such as Shanxi, Shandong, and Hebei, the implementation of the policy of “supervising over-loading and over-limitation†has increased, and the impact on China’s heavy truck industry structure will be further deepened. In particular, the revised "Technical Conditions for the Operation of Motor Vehicles" (GB7258-2004) and the implementation of the forthcoming commercial vehicle country 4 emission standard will undoubtedly become one of the important factors affecting the development of the heavy truck industry in China in the next decade.
â— Technological innovation
Grandpa Deng said: "Science and technology are primary productive forces." The changes in China's medium and heavy truck market over the past decade have also illustrated this point. The FAW Liberation and Dongfeng Motors were originally traditional Chinese card companies. In the face of the temptation of the heavy truck market, they once made huge investments in heavy truck technology. FAW Group spent RMB 100 million to develop two large-displacement engines, such as the CA6DM and CA6DN, and has built two J5 and J6 heavy-duty truck platforms. Dongfeng Motor introduced the Nissan GW heavy truck cab, Renault DCI11 engine technology, and Dana Heavy Axle technology to create the Dongfeng Tianlong heavy truck platform. Originally these two companies had an advantage in the heavy truck market. The huge investment in technology allowed them not only to create a standard heavy truck platform, but also to maintain the status of the first group army in the heavy truck market.
After the reorganization, facing the fierce market and its own heavy burden, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group and Shaanxi Automobile Group, originally ranked No. 2 and No. 3 of China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, performed early heavy truck technical innovation. After carrying out in-depth technical cooperation with Volvo of Sweden, China National Heavy Duty Truck successfully developed the HOWO heavy-duty truck platform and took the lead out of the homogenous competition of the Steyr platform, relying on its good technical advantages to become the best-selling heavy truck product in the Chinese market. . The Shaanxi Automobile Group also introduced and digested the German Mann 2000 F2000 heavy truck technology early. It not only increased the technical level of the old Steyr 91 heavy truck platform, but also successfully developed the F2000 and F3000 heavy truck platforms. In terms of technology introduction, the pace of Chongqing Hongyan has been much slower. Its joint venture negotiations with Italian IVECO did not produce results until the end of 2006, and it is still in the stage of digestion and absorption. With respect to the investment and introduction of advanced heavy truck technology, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, Shaanxi Automobile Group and Chongqing Hongyan finally embarked on three different paths. Today, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group has begun to challenge the status of the entire industry leader. Shaanxi Automobile Group is also the leader of the second group army, and Chongqing Hongyan has fallen to the status of even the “helper†of the Third Group Army.
In the past three years, China’s heavy-duty truck industry has again set off a wave of technological development and introduction. Manpower, Mercedes-Benz, Hino, IWC, Duff, and even modern heavy trucks, which have always been technically mediocre, have also tried to share a share in the Chinese heavy truck industry. . It can be foreseen that, in the near future, the overall technical level of China's heavy-duty trucks will increase rapidly, becoming one of the determinants of China's heavy truck industry development pattern. However, among them, the digestion and absorption of new technologies, the convergence of old and new technologies, and the localization of new technologies have become an important standard for measuring various companies. Therefore, the most important issue that affects new market structure is the management of new technologies. And the implementation of process standards.
â—Industrial integration
In the past ten years, the changes in China's heavy-duty truck industry have also been affected by the ability of various companies to integrate their industries. Take the case of the FAW liberation. For example, once the enterprise supporting the “Lang-Lang†business with a large number of administrative forces under the banner of FAW Group, in the process of developing the heavy-duty truck industry, FAW Liberation relied on the basic scientific research strength of the Changchun Automobile Research Institute to go down. The integration of Wuxi Diesel Engine Co., Ltd. and Dalian Diesel Engine Co., Ltd. will increase the strength of FAW Qingdao Automobile Factory and turn it into a driving force. Under the background of changes in China’s economic situation and national industrial policies in recent years, the liberation of FAW has always made itself the biggest beneficiary of national policies. The slogan of “liberating trucks and earning money†has become louder and louder. In the same situation, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, after the reorganization of the former China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, integrated a large number of supporting downstream depots, and started close technical exchanges and capital cooperation with them. So we saw that there was a huge and varied business remodeling car industry alliance around China National Heavy Duty Truck. After the country introduced several economic policies to increase infrastructure investment, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group relied on the modified car industry. Advantage several times to challenge the industry leader in the liberation of FAW.
In China's heavy truck industry, another successful example of industrial integration is Bei Ben Heavy. After the merger of the original two heavy-duty truck manufacturing companies of the Ordnance Industry Group, North Benz and Chongqing Iron Horse, the newly-built Bei Ben Heavy Duty continued to integrate the parts and components resources of the Ordnance Industry Group, so we can see that Bei Ben Heavy Duty Truck has repeatedly become the leader of the Third Group Army from a bankrupt company. Its general manager, Mr. Wang Shihong, did not conceal his ambitions: to enter the first group army!
To say that the industry's top industry integration master, is Beiqi Futian. As a company that originally produced agricultural vehicles, it did not deter itself from the lack of resources in the automotive industry. Instead, it made alliances with almost all domestic heavy truck component assembly companies. In Beiqi Futian's heavy-duty truck products, we can see both the Hande Axle and the Ankai Axle, a heavy truck bridge with Steyr descent, and we can also see the Beiben Axle and the Dajiang Mike axle. The heavy truck bridge with pedigree and even the axles developed by the autonomous technical forces of Qingte, Yihe and Hubei axles. In terms of engine resources, Beiqi Foton is even more eclectic. Almost all domestic engine companies such as Weichai, Yuchai, Shanghai Diesel, and Xi'an Cummins are supporting Auman heavy trucks. Beiqi Futian has boldly attracted various talents from the heavy truck industry, and thanks to its flexible mechanisms and favorable conditions, its technical personnel have trained themselves to “save the starsâ€, and it is hard to create complex parts systems in China. The important support of Man Heavy Truck.
In the entire industrial integration process, apart from the integration of heavy truck component assembly resources, an important factor is the integration of third-party service resources. What I want to say is that the rise of Beiyou Foton is no accident. According to the author's knowledge, Beiqi Foton is the largest and most invested company in the Chinese market with third-party consulting agencies. It is no exaggeration to say that Beiqi Foton is a company in China's heavy truck industry who knows the Chinese market best! Judging from the mature experience of the developed countries in the automotive industry in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, in the future development of the entire automotive industry, third-party service agencies represented by technical consulting, public relations consultants, and market research will play an increasingly important role. The development trend of the entire industry is "bunching the world," and the era of "all-round championship" has ended.
If we must use some vocabulary to describe the Chinese heavy truck industry in 2010, "New Army" and "soaring up" are two topics that cannot be bypassed. The young and ambitious newcomers, undisguised, tried to challenge the pattern of the old dynasty; the skyrocketing market made people wonder how big the capacity of the Chinese heavy truck market was. However, the real hidden behind these two appearances is a question: Where is China's heavy truck industry going? Under such a confused situation, it will once again torture the details and resilience of China's heavy-duty truck companies. Whoever has a more insightful understanding of national policies; who has mastered more advanced truck technologies and manufacturing processes; who can better deal with heavy trucks The effective integration of industrial resources; who can work harder and harder in business management... no doubt who will dominate tomorrow!
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