( 1 ) Oleic acid and sodium oleate ( C 17 H 33 ICOOH and G 17 H 33 COONa) . Oleic acid, also known as octadecyl ( 9 ) acid, is one of the most widely occurring natural unsaturated fatty acids. It can be obtained by hydrolysis of oils and fats to obtain double bonds in its fatty acid molecules, which has an important influence on the performance of flotation reagents. Pure oleic acid is a colorless oily liquid, which gives needle crystals when cooled, melting point 1 4 °C , density 0 . 895 g /mL . Oleic acid is easily oxidized to yellow and produces a rancid odor. Industrial oleic acid (and its sodium salt), such as rice bran oleic acid, soybean oil, etc., is a mixture of various fatty acids, mainly oleic acid, as well as unsaturated acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and various saturated Acid and so on.
Oleic acid is not easy to dissolve and disperse. In practice, solvent emulsifier is often added, and the slurry temperature should not be lower than 1 4 °C . It is mainly used in the flotation of alkaline earth metal carbonates, metal oxide minerals, barite and fluorite. The disadvantages are: poor selectivity, not resistant to hard water, and large dosage. Due to the limited source of raw materials, it is currently not widely used in industry.
( 2 ) Oxide paraffin soap. Paraffin wax is a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons containing C 15 ~ C 40. Oxidized saponification to obtain oxidized paraffin soap, the composition of which can be roughly divided into three parts:
carboxylic acid. Among them, saturated carboxylic acid accounts for 80 %, and carboxylic acid accounts for about 5% to 10% . The length of the saturated acid hydrocarbon chain depends on the starting material and the depth of oxidation. Generally, when the melting point of the raw material wax is lower, the hydrocarbon chain is shorter and more branched; when the melting point of the raw material wax is higher, the hydrocarbon chain is longer, mainly linear hydrocarbon. Carboxylic acid is the main component of the harvesting action.
Unoxidized higher alkanes or coal oil. They dilute the carboxylic acid to make it easy to disperse in the slurry and act as an auxiliary collector .
Unsaponifiable oxidation product. Mainly some polar substances such as alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, which have a foaming effect.
The main disadvantage of oxidized paraffin soap is that when the temperature is low, the flotation effect is not good, and when it is used at normal temperature, emulsification is required. However, because the paraffin wax material is easy to solve and the price is low, it is a collector that can be used in a large number of industrial applications.
When the iron oxide flotation, often oxidized paraffin and crude tall oil soap mixture. The crude tar oil has strong foaming property, and the two are mixed, and the length is complemented, and a good effect is obtained.
Oxidized paraffin soap mainly for flotation of iron oxide, phosphate ore, fluorite minerals, and some of the rare metal.
 (3) Tar oil and Tal oil soap. Tal oil is a mixture of fatty acids and resin acids, and also contains a certain amount of non-acid neutrals. Such agents are crude sulfate soap, crude and refined ter oil.
In the alkaline papermaking process using wood as raw material, a pulp waste liquid is obtained, and the lower layer of black liquor is separated by standing layering, and the upper layer of soap is called crude sulfate soap, which is further purified to be crude. Tal oil, refined refined Tal oil.
The crude tar oil is a dark black liquid, and the soap obtained by saponification is water-soluble, and its composition varies depending on the raw materials. The fatty acids contained in the oil are mainly unsaturated oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
In the crude tar oil, the active ingredient for the harvesting action is higher than the crude sulphate soap, and the composition is stable, so the flotation effect is good. However, since it contains a considerable amount of resin acid, the foaming ability is strong, and when the amount is large, the foam is excessive, which causes a difficulty in the flotation operation. It is often mixed with oxidized paraffin soap in production practice. The refined Tal oil is a fatty acid fraction obtained by subjecting crude tal oil to vacuum distillation to separate a resin acid and an unsaturated fatty acid, and saponifying to obtain a tart oil soap. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in refined tal oil and its soap is generally above 90 %, and the collection performance is good and the low temperature resistance is a good carboxylic acid collector.
( 4 ) Naphthenic acid. It is a by-product of the petroleum refining industry and is saponified to give naphthenic acid soap. This is a mixture of naphthenic acids and other organic compounds of various structures, wherein the naphthenic acid content is generally about 40 %, and the unsaponifiable matter is about 15 %, which is a green to brown gum. The structural formula varies depending on the molecular weight of the cycloalkyl group, and the larger the molecular weight of the naphthenic acid soap, the easier it is to form micelles.
Naphthenic acid can be used as a substitute for oleic acid for flotation of iron oxide ore, carbonates and apatite.
Oleic acid is not easy to dissolve and disperse. In practice, solvent emulsifier is often added, and the slurry temperature should not be lower than
( 2 ) Oxide paraffin soap. Paraffin wax is a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons containing C 15 ~ C 40. Oxidized saponification to obtain oxidized paraffin soap, the composition of which can be roughly divided into three parts:
carboxylic acid. Among them, saturated carboxylic acid accounts for 80 %, and carboxylic acid accounts for about 5% to 10% . The length of the saturated acid hydrocarbon chain depends on the starting material and the depth of oxidation. Generally, when the melting point of the raw material wax is lower, the hydrocarbon chain is shorter and more branched; when the melting point of the raw material wax is higher, the hydrocarbon chain is longer, mainly linear hydrocarbon. Carboxylic acid is the main component of the harvesting action.
Unoxidized higher alkanes or coal oil. They dilute the carboxylic acid to make it easy to disperse in the slurry and act as an auxiliary collector .
Unsaponifiable oxidation product. Mainly some polar substances such as alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, which have a foaming effect.
The main disadvantage of oxidized paraffin soap is that when the temperature is low, the flotation effect is not good, and when it is used at normal temperature, emulsification is required. However, because the paraffin wax material is easy to solve and the price is low, it is a collector that can be used in a large number of industrial applications.
When the iron oxide flotation, often oxidized paraffin and crude tall oil soap mixture. The crude tar oil has strong foaming property, and the two are mixed, and the length is complemented, and a good effect is obtained.
Oxidized paraffin soap mainly for flotation of iron oxide, phosphate ore, fluorite minerals, and some of the rare metal.
 (3) Tar oil and Tal oil soap. Tal oil is a mixture of fatty acids and resin acids, and also contains a certain amount of non-acid neutrals. Such agents are crude sulfate soap, crude and refined ter oil.
In the alkaline papermaking process using wood as raw material, a pulp waste liquid is obtained, and the lower layer of black liquor is separated by standing layering, and the upper layer of soap is called crude sulfate soap, which is further purified to be crude. Tal oil, refined refined Tal oil.
The crude tar oil is a dark black liquid, and the soap obtained by saponification is water-soluble, and its composition varies depending on the raw materials. The fatty acids contained in the oil are mainly unsaturated oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
In the crude tar oil, the active ingredient for the harvesting action is higher than the crude sulphate soap, and the composition is stable, so the flotation effect is good. However, since it contains a considerable amount of resin acid, the foaming ability is strong, and when the amount is large, the foam is excessive, which causes a difficulty in the flotation operation. It is often mixed with oxidized paraffin soap in production practice. The refined Tal oil is a fatty acid fraction obtained by subjecting crude tal oil to vacuum distillation to separate a resin acid and an unsaturated fatty acid, and saponifying to obtain a tart oil soap. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in refined tal oil and its soap is generally above 90 %, and the collection performance is good and the low temperature resistance is a good carboxylic acid collector.
( 4 ) Naphthenic acid. It is a by-product of the petroleum refining industry and is saponified to give naphthenic acid soap. This is a mixture of naphthenic acids and other organic compounds of various structures, wherein the naphthenic acid content is generally about 40 %, and the unsaponifiable matter is about 15 %, which is a green to brown gum. The structural formula varies depending on the molecular weight of the cycloalkyl group, and the larger the molecular weight of the naphthenic acid soap, the easier it is to form micelles.
Naphthenic acid can be used as a substitute for oleic acid for flotation of iron oxide ore, carbonates and apatite.
Oxygen Depletion System is called ODS for short, When gas appliance is working in a unvented space for some time, the oxygen is involved in chemical reaction and produced water vapor and carbon dioxide during combustion. In this case, the oxygen content in this unvented space is decreasing while carbon dioxide content is increasing. People will feel uncomfortable when oxygen content arrives the level 16%-17% or higher. It will even cause toxicosis when carbon dioxide content arrives the level 4% or higher.
While Oxygen Depletion System can above dangers and promise safe operation in unvented space. It will cut off the energy source so that gas appliance stop working to assure personal safety once oxygen content arrives the level 18.5%-19.5% and carbon dioxide content arrives the level 0.8%-1.5%.
Gas Oven Igniter,Ods Pilot Burner,Oxygen Detection Safety Pilot,Oxygen Depletion Sensor Pilot
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