Since the publication of "Made in China 2025", the enthusiasm has been rising everywhere. However, according to industry analysis, "Made in China 2025" is China's first 10-year plan of action for implementing the strategy of building a strong country. There are at least three key issues that must be clearly understood.
The first issue is the direction of development. The issue of direction is very important. Now all countries in the world are making a fuss about the manufacturing industry. Some developed countries have made breakthroughs in 3D printing, big data, bioengineering, and new materials. Some developing countries are also speeding up plans and layouts and actively participating in global industries. Division of labor, undertaking industrial and capital transfer, and expanding international market space. The implementation of "manufacturing a strong country" in China is a race against time. If the direction is reversed or paralyzed, it is very likely that there will be a gap between the country and the opportunity.
What is the direction of "Made in China 2025"? Of course it cannot be a traditional industry characterized by labor intensiveness. Low labor cost was once the biggest advantage of China's manufacturing industry, but now it is becoming a thing of the past when China’s labor costs began to be much higher than in some emerging market countries. The future can only lead the future if it is oriented toward the future. From the perspective of the world’s industrial and technological development trends, this future is “smartâ€. On the one hand, the exponential growth of information technology, advancement of digital networking, and integrated intelligent innovation are the three fundamental driving forces for the third industrial revolution. “Intelligence†represents the trend of world science and technology development; on the other hand, China’s modernization and the West The developed countries are very different. Western developed countries are a "tandem type" development process. Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informationalization are in order. Germany has already achieved industry 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and is moving toward industry 4.0. As a new industrial country, China, in fact, many places have not yet been completed 2.0, many companies still produce by hand. If we cannot seize this opportunity, while we are in Industry 4.0 in other countries, we are still working on Industry 2.0, and it is very possible that we will be left behind in the arena of technological innovation. Even if we achieve industrialization, we will further widen the gap with developed countries. , is far behind in rejection.
From the perspective of the development strategies of other countries in the world, smart manufacturing is also the mainstream direction. This is true regardless of German Industry 4.0 or the United States’ re-industrial strategy. In the United States, with General Electric (GE) as the core, more than 60 companies such as Cisco, IBM, and Intel have established industrial Internet alliances, based on information resources of the entire industry, trying to promote the physical world and the digital world. Integration, improve equipment safety and reliability, reduce energy consumption, material consumption and maintenance costs, etc. At the same time, reduce the human labor requirements in the production process and increase the level of flexibility and intelligence in the production process. On the basis of highly developed manufacturing industries, strong industrial hardware and software systems and highly qualified workers in Germany, German Industry 4.0 strives to establish a highly flexible, personalized and digital product and service production model. An intelligent, socialized production model. Although the United States pays more attention to the use of data and information, Germany has paid more attention to the automation of the intelligent production process, but the two are ultimately the same. The manufacturing industry will eventually move toward the Information Physics System (CPS). CPS is not a simple Internet of Things. Compared with the Internet of Things, CPS emphasizes the control of the digital world to the physical world. The essence is to integrate the physical world with the digital world. In other words, whether it is the Industrial Internet or Industry 4.0, it will eventually promote the intelligentization of the production process.
To grasp the "smart" manufacturing direction, we must be clear that the introduction of a set of numerical control equipment can achieve intelligence. For example, China's robotics industry has developed rapidly these years, but at the same time it must be noted that the key parts and components of robotics companies generally rely on imports, low technology reserves, and small-scale applications, and the robots produced are generally lower than those on accuracy, reliability, and other indicators. International brands, most companies are still limited to assembly and manufacturing, and many of the robot products produced are still robots without a “brain.†There is still a considerable distance from “smartâ€.
The second is the subject matter. In "Made in China 2025," who plays the leading role and what role does the government play? This is a very important issue. At present, some places are still old-fashioned thinking. "Athlete" and "referee" shoulder both shoulders. It not only assumes the guiding and service functions that should be assumed, but also directly participates in the operation of specific industries and enterprises. This is a very dangerous phenomenon. At present, there are relatively serious overcapacity in some industries in China. One important reason is related to the misplaced government and market functions. The market is the most efficient way to allocate resources. The development of Chinese manufacturing must allow companies to truly become the mainstay. In this regard, "Made in China 2025" clearly stated that it must be market-led and the government should guide it. In other words, in advancing the “Made in China 2025†journey, we must give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, strengthen the status of the main body of the enterprise, and stimulate the vitality and creativity of the enterprise. Market-led, not the government did nothing. For a forward-looking industry, the government must strengthen strategic research and planning guidance, improve related support policies, and create a good environment for the development of the company. Among them, fund guidance and support are necessary. In particular, the "four bases" with obvious technological spillover effects must be given major financial support. "Four bases" are the core basic parts and components (components), advanced basic technologies, key basic materials, and industrial technology foundations. The weak basic ability is the crux of China's manufacturing innovation and quality improvement. We must adhere to the principles of problem orientation, production and demand integration, collaborative innovation, and key breakthroughs, and guide enterprises through various fiscal and taxation support to crack down on these bottlenecks that restrict the development of key industries.
The third issue is the rational layout. “By 2025, the overall quality of the manufacturing industry will be greatly enhanced, the ability to innovate will be significantly enhanced, and the labor productivity of the entire staff will be significantly improved. The integration of the two industries (industrialization and informationization) will reach a new level. Industrial added value of key industries, energy consumption, material consumption and pollution Emissions have reached the world's advanced level. The formation of a group of transnational corporations and industrial clusters with strong international competitiveness have significantly increased their position in the global industrial division of labor and value chain." This is an important goal of "Made in China 2025" and it is also The important objective of local development of manufacturing industry requires that the overall level of manufacturing in the country be improved. Industry 1.0 and 2.0 should move toward 4.0. However, at the same time, it must be noted that due to the differences in the level of development in different regions, the differences in talent structure, industrial structure, resource structure, and locational characteristics make it difficult for the manufacturing industries in various regions to have uniform and uniform development. It must be noted that whether it is a town in the border town or a mega-city that has launched projects such as robots and big data to build the same industrial park, it is likely to lead to a new round of industrial duplication and even excess production capacity. Therefore, advancing the "Made in China 2025" should adhere to the overall advancement, focus on breakthroughs, and implement the development of the manufacturing industry across the country by combining a set of chess and classification guidance, overall planning, and rational distribution. All localities must clarify the direction of innovation and development, and they must not be able to move forward. The country must formulate more detailed development plans and use more limited funds in several key areas and major projects.
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