Dashboard refers to the rigid plate or structure used to install the meter and related devices. Dashboards can be equipped with external lighting, consoles can also be attached, there are various forms and specifications, according to the need to install a variety of instruments, can also be combined as needed to form a variety of instrument panels.
Different cars have different meters. However, the general automobile's conventional instruments include speedometer, tachometer, oil pressure gauge, water temperature gauge, fuel gauge, and charging gauge. In addition, a variety of indicator lights or warning lights have been made under the mask of the dashboard of the Hyundai Motor.
Speedometer The speedometer actually consists of two tables. One is a speedometer and the other is an odometer. The most common type of electronic speedometer is to obtain a signal from a speed sensor on the transmission, and to deflect or display a number by changing the pulse frequency. The odometer is a digital meter that engages the worm on the drive shaft of the speedometer through the drive gear of the counter drum to rotate the counter drum. It is characterized by a full turn of the upper drum. The next level of drum rotation is 1/10 laps. Just like the speedometer, the current odometer also has an electronic odometer, which obtains the mileage signal from the speed sensor. Mileage figures accumulated by electronic odometers are stored in non-volatile memory, and data can be stored in the absence of electricity.
The tachometer is usually set inside the dashboard. Symmetrically placed with the speedometer. Now the cars are generally electronic tachometers, there are pointer and LCD digital display. The digital integrated circuit is shown in the table. It calculates the voltage pulse sent from the ignition coil and then drives the pointer to move or digital display. There is also a tachometer that reads the pulse signal from the generator and sends it to the tachometer circuit for interpretation. However, it is affected by factors such as generator belt slippage. The value is not very accurate.
The oil pressure gauge sensor is a piezoresistive sensor. It is screwed into the engine oil line. The oil pressure pushes the contact piece to move on the resistor, causing the resistance to change and affecting the amount of current through the meter to ground. Drive pointer swing. Because the oil pressure has a certain pressure range, it is for clarity. At present, many automobile oil pressure gauges are indicated by indicator lights. It is still on if the engine is running. It means that the engine lubrication system may be abnormal.
The water temperature sensor is a thermistor sensor. Screwed to the engine cooling water channel. The thermistor determines the size of the current flowing through the coil of the water meter. This drives the head pointer to swing. In the past, the cooling water for automotive engines was used as tap water. Many automotive engine cooling systems now use specialized coolant. It is also called coolant temperature gauge.
There are two coils in the fuel gauge. On the "F" and "E" sides, respectively, the sensor is a variable resistor controlled by the height of the float. The resistance change determines the strength of the magnetic lines of the two coils. It also determines the direction of deflection of the hands. Water temperature gauges and fuel gauges are also indicated by light indicators. The water temperature indicator light indicates that the water temperature is high. The fuel light is on to indicate that the fuel is near low as a supplementary reminder.
Finally, various indicators and warning lights, such as coolant level warning light, fuel level indicator, washer liquid level indicator, charge indicator, etc., are used to show various states of the car.
However, these are not constant instrumentation of automobiles. With the rapid development of the automotive industry, they have continuously reformed technology and experienced several changes. Great changes have taken place in both form and function. It is no longer just a simple component that provides speed, speed, it can show more important car information, and even warn. The popularity of integrated and digital control technology has enabled the unprecedented richness of the functions of automotive instruments, and the visual effects are more pleasing.
From the 1908 Ford T-car so far, the development of automobile dashboards can be summarized in four stages: mechanical instrument panel, electromagnetic pulse instrument panel, all-digital LCD instrument panel, and HUD+ full-digital LCD instrument panel.
Mechanical dashboard, the actual speed of the pointer on the dial shaft is linked by a flexible metal tube and a gear on the transmission, through which the rotation speed simulates the speed of the instrument panel.
Electromagnetic pulse instrument panel is developed from pure mechanical display structure into electromagnetic pulse, adding fluorescent backlight face plate, combined with a LCD computer screen driving, so that traffic information at night display more convenient.
Full-digital LCD panel LCD display technology is becoming more and more mature. It is a technical support point for all-digital LCD instruments to be popularized in high-grade vehicles; a large amount of information is flooding into the on-board system, which is a rigid demand for the development of all-digital LCD instruments.
HUD+ full digital LCD dashboard. HUD (Head-Up Display) technology has gradually gained popularity in high-grade vehicles, but it is not yet a substitute for the dashboard of fuel vehicles. HUD and liquid crystal instrument panels coexist in the same form. HUD is more suitable for displaying simple information, such as: speed, speed, speed, and simplicity. Navigation, related alarm information, etc., and the LCD dashboard displays richer information, such as: car entertainment multimedia, social information, etc.
As time goes by and AR/VR technology continues to evolve, HUD enters VR-HUD in combination with multi-channel input interaction modes (sense interaction, voice interaction, eye movement interaction, brain activity interaction, etc.), effectively improving driver's information on traffic conditions. Recognition, enhance driving experience. HUD has great potential for development. When entering the AR-HUD stage, information output is more convenient for drivers to understand vehicle-related information at a glance, effectively improving the driver's perception of road conditions and perception of dangerous conditions; information input, combined with the steering wheel, multi-touch , somatosensory interaction, voice interaction, eye movement interaction, etc., to facilitate the driver to control the vehicle with ease, providing drivers with extraordinary driving experience.
From the perspective of industry trends, high-definition, integration, and intelligence are three major directions for automotive instrumentation and display technology. Based on the integration capabilities of the suppliers and the development of future technologies, the dashboard will be able to display more safety and entertainment information, and the automotive instruments will also be integrated into more active safety and ADAS information, and the interaction with the network will become more frequent. The system is becoming more and more open. It integrates with China Central Entertainment Entertainment Information System and integrates gesture control, voice control and other operating functions. The HUD head-up display technology is optimized to provide safe and safe information and entertainment navigation information to the driver.
The fluorinated mica crystals have very good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and light transmission properties, and can work for a long time at a high temperature of 1100°C.
No reaction occurs with strong acids and alkalis; complete light transmittance (pure and transparent). The natural mica plates traditionally used in the observation window of high-pressure boiler water level gauge are all brown, and the light transmittance is not good, and the temperature resistance is in the range of 200-700°C, especially the corrosion resistance is poor. The boiler steam drum water in thermal power plants contains alkali. After reacting with natural mica and alkali, it is washed with hot air and hot water, and it is prone to fluffing, scaling, and being broken. In the short term (about 1-2 months), the water level is not clearly understood. After being broken, it can easily cause leakage. The fluorite mica does not react with the acid-base solution, and does not react with water in the hydration reaction, so that it does not form a layer, does not scale, and does not break. In the long-term (2 to 3 years) scouring of high-temperature and high-pressure water (including acid and alkali), the original clarity and transparency can still be maintained. In China, it has been widely applied to the observation window of steam boiler water level gauge in high-pressure boilers of thermal power plants. It has also been selected by Japanese BBK company and NDK (Colin) company for the observation window of high pressure boiler drum level gauge.
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