Introduction: The resource measurement ecosystem has a wide range of monitoring and control, including gas, water, electricity, and thermal energy. For metering information from residential, commercial, and industrial equipment, the shared meter collection device samples and calculates at regular intervals and then provides it to the service provider. The automatic meter reading function brings great convenience, while the current equipment is developing a two-way network, which can further allow individuals and companies to more efficiently use the energy they consume. Home energy displays, thermostats, and load controllers are gaining popularity in the market, and these tools can further increase the level of control. Operators can also enjoy the benefits of a two-way network system because it improves reliability and provides an interactive charging mechanism.
The most common application meter is an electricity meter that calculates power consumption. Followed by measuring the consumption of liquid instruments, such as water, natural gas or fuel oil. The third type is a meter that measures the consumption of thermal energy and usually refers to a heat meter or a thermal cost distributor.
With regard to electricity meters, with the rapid development of national grid intelligence, now the national network and the South China Net unified tender procurement, basically all smart watches and related management system products. In the future, technology will be further developed and improved.
Gas and water meters are generally battery-powered and contain embedded controllers that can be connected to metering sensors, displays, and communications components, primarily wireless transmitters or transceivers. They typically use positive displacement flow meters to measure the number of times unit flow has flowed through the meter. For more viscous liquids, the flow rate is calculated by the rotation of the magnet or shaft, and each rotation is converted to an electrical signal and accumulated by the embedded controller. For less viscous liquids such as natural gas, it is possible to measure large flows with ultrasonic sensors. Regardless of the nature of the object under test, low power consumption is an extremely critical design parameter in these systems because power lines are not usually pulled to where these meters are located.
Calorimeters and thermal cost distributors are generally installed in buildings that have multiple homes and use a central heating system. These meters measure the amount of heat that is delivered to a location for a specific period of time. Again, these meters use battery-powered solutions and are optimized for the lowest overall system power consumption.
Similar to gas and water meter topologies, the thermal meters typically have an embedded controller and incorporate display and communication components to measure heat flow and temperature. The charge for heating is calculated based on the amount of heat (heat energy per unit time) transferred to a location, which is based on the measurement of the flow of heat flow during a specific period, and the temperature of the input and output liquid. The customer can see this information through the integrated display or remote display in the meter. The information collected in various places is usually transmitted to the collector through a wireless connection, where it is integrated and transmitted to the service provider.
Measurement Functions Almost every instrument must provide one or more of the following functions:
Quantitative measurement: Because of the different types of instruments, the basic function of any instrument is to accurately measure the quantity of something. These measurement systems cover a very wide range of topologies, to name just a few examples: temperature sensors, flow sensors, shunt resistors, isolation transformers, current transformers, and timing systems.
Control and calibration: This will also vary depending on the type of instrument and it is generally necessary to compensate for small changes in the measurement system. They can also perform functions such as vandalism and service interruption.
Communication: Can be used to configure the parameters in the meter and transfer the stored data to the host via a wired or wireless connection. It can also be used to update the instrument's firmware or other operating characteristics.
Power Management: When power goes down, low power consumption and system stability are particularly important. In non-power line powered measurement applications, power management plays a key role in minimizing power consumption and maximizing battery service cycles.
Display: Connected to low-cost and low-power LCDs and LED displays, the user interface is usually displayed in seven-segment, alphanumeric, or matrix. In most cases, users need to be able to see usage and costs directly from the meter.
Synchronization: To reliably transmit data to a control center or other collection system, clock synchronization is very important to support functions such as data analysis and accurate billing. This is especially important for wireless networks that are unstable or use asynchronous communication protocols.
Ultra-low power technology In some applications and markets, the meter is subject to strict restrictions on low power consumption. For example, the service life of a groundwater meter is twenty years or more. For these applications, special chemical lithium batteries with extremely low self-discharge rates, such as lithium bisulfite (Li-SOCl2), must meet long life requirements.
Intelligent Instrumentation Microcontrollers are the key to any embedded smart system. In these applications, the microcontroller must have extremely low power and integrate functions such as a real-time clock, analog-to-digital converter, and communication interface. More advanced features such as an integrated LCD controller, a cyclic redundancy check component, or an encryption engine can further reduce the load on the MCU and enable it to remain in low power mode for long periods of time, thus reducing overall system power consumption.
Wireless transmitters, receivers, and transceivers are becoming more and more common in these systems. Important features include high integration, very low power operation, fast start-up from low power states, and high receive sensitivity (above -118dBm). And without the need for an external power amplifier with high transmit power (up to 20dBm). More advanced features include automatic packet processing, integrated FIFO, and frequency and modulation architectures.
Wireless MCUs that integrate MCU functionality and wireless transceivers can also be used in smart meters. These highly integrated monolithic devices can help reduce BOM and system costs, providing low-power embedded control solutions with high-performance wireless connectivity.
Other technologies that enable next-generation metering systems include wired access products, such as modems that can communicate linearly, providing timing solutions for network synchronization, and isolation products that provide security and data protection.
The most common application meter is an electricity meter that calculates power consumption. Followed by measuring the consumption of liquid instruments, such as water, natural gas or fuel oil. The third type is a meter that measures the consumption of thermal energy and usually refers to a heat meter or a thermal cost distributor.
With regard to electricity meters, with the rapid development of national grid intelligence, now the national network and the South China Net unified tender procurement, basically all smart watches and related management system products. In the future, technology will be further developed and improved.
Gas and water meters are generally battery-powered and contain embedded controllers that can be connected to metering sensors, displays, and communications components, primarily wireless transmitters or transceivers. They typically use positive displacement flow meters to measure the number of times unit flow has flowed through the meter. For more viscous liquids, the flow rate is calculated by the rotation of the magnet or shaft, and each rotation is converted to an electrical signal and accumulated by the embedded controller. For less viscous liquids such as natural gas, it is possible to measure large flows with ultrasonic sensors. Regardless of the nature of the object under test, low power consumption is an extremely critical design parameter in these systems because power lines are not usually pulled to where these meters are located.
Calorimeters and thermal cost distributors are generally installed in buildings that have multiple homes and use a central heating system. These meters measure the amount of heat that is delivered to a location for a specific period of time. Again, these meters use battery-powered solutions and are optimized for the lowest overall system power consumption.
Similar to gas and water meter topologies, the thermal meters typically have an embedded controller and incorporate display and communication components to measure heat flow and temperature. The charge for heating is calculated based on the amount of heat (heat energy per unit time) transferred to a location, which is based on the measurement of the flow of heat flow during a specific period, and the temperature of the input and output liquid. The customer can see this information through the integrated display or remote display in the meter. The information collected in various places is usually transmitted to the collector through a wireless connection, where it is integrated and transmitted to the service provider.
Measurement Functions Almost every instrument must provide one or more of the following functions:
Quantitative measurement: Because of the different types of instruments, the basic function of any instrument is to accurately measure the quantity of something. These measurement systems cover a very wide range of topologies, to name just a few examples: temperature sensors, flow sensors, shunt resistors, isolation transformers, current transformers, and timing systems.
Control and calibration: This will also vary depending on the type of instrument and it is generally necessary to compensate for small changes in the measurement system. They can also perform functions such as vandalism and service interruption.
Communication: Can be used to configure the parameters in the meter and transfer the stored data to the host via a wired or wireless connection. It can also be used to update the instrument's firmware or other operating characteristics.
Power Management: When power goes down, low power consumption and system stability are particularly important. In non-power line powered measurement applications, power management plays a key role in minimizing power consumption and maximizing battery service cycles.
Display: Connected to low-cost and low-power LCDs and LED displays, the user interface is usually displayed in seven-segment, alphanumeric, or matrix. In most cases, users need to be able to see usage and costs directly from the meter.
Synchronization: To reliably transmit data to a control center or other collection system, clock synchronization is very important to support functions such as data analysis and accurate billing. This is especially important for wireless networks that are unstable or use asynchronous communication protocols.
Ultra-low power technology In some applications and markets, the meter is subject to strict restrictions on low power consumption. For example, the service life of a groundwater meter is twenty years or more. For these applications, special chemical lithium batteries with extremely low self-discharge rates, such as lithium bisulfite (Li-SOCl2), must meet long life requirements.
Intelligent Instrumentation Microcontrollers are the key to any embedded smart system. In these applications, the microcontroller must have extremely low power and integrate functions such as a real-time clock, analog-to-digital converter, and communication interface. More advanced features such as an integrated LCD controller, a cyclic redundancy check component, or an encryption engine can further reduce the load on the MCU and enable it to remain in low power mode for long periods of time, thus reducing overall system power consumption.
Wireless transmitters, receivers, and transceivers are becoming more and more common in these systems. Important features include high integration, very low power operation, fast start-up from low power states, and high receive sensitivity (above -118dBm). And without the need for an external power amplifier with high transmit power (up to 20dBm). More advanced features include automatic packet processing, integrated FIFO, and frequency and modulation architectures.
Wireless MCUs that integrate MCU functionality and wireless transceivers can also be used in smart meters. These highly integrated monolithic devices can help reduce BOM and system costs, providing low-power embedded control solutions with high-performance wireless connectivity.
Other technologies that enable next-generation metering systems include wired access products, such as modems that can communicate linearly, providing timing solutions for network synchronization, and isolation products that provide security and data protection.
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