According to market analyst firm Gartner, by 2020, the global number of connected devices that do not include PCs, tablets and smartphones will reach 26 billion units and the IoT market will reach 1.9 trillion U.S. dollars. The logistics industry is the most important application of Internet of things. As the basis for the realization of smart logistics, with the rapid development of logistics industry, the Internet of Things (IoT) is getting more and more widely used and has a huge market space.
For example, in the field of intelligent warehousing, the escalating storage systems such as Amazon, JD.com, Rookie and Suning are the best applications of the Internet of Things. In the intelligent distribution and the entire supply chain, the whole process of logistics is transparently visualized , Product traceability management, and intelligent distribution as possible, laid the foundation for the realization of smart supply chain and smart logistics.
Internet of Things definition and characteristics
The Internet of Things (IoT), the "Internet of Things", is an information sensing device that uses various sensing devices, RFID technology, video recognition technology, infrared sensing, global positioning system, laser scanner, , According to the agreed agreement, according to the need to achieve the interconnection of goods network connectivity, information exchange and communication in order to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of intelligent network systems.
The concept of Internet of Things was proposed in 1999 and is known as the third revolutionary innovation in information technology. In August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao proposed the concept of "perceiving China", saying that China should seize the opportunity and vigorously develop the Internet of Things technology. After that, the Internet of Things was officially listed as one of the country's five emerging strategic industries. The accelerated development of the Internet of Things's research and development applications was included in the government work report. A series of industrial policies related to the development of the Internet of Things have been promulgated one after another. In 2016, the Internet of Things was written into the "13th Five-Year Plan." It can be predicted that the Internet of things will have a huge impact on economic growth. According to Forrester, an independent market research firm in the US, the value of the Internet of Things industry is 30 times higher than that of the Internet, and the Internet of Things will form the next trillion-trillion-tech high-tech market.
Wang Jiuxiang, executive vice president of "Logistics Technology and Applications" and vice chairman of China Warehousing and Distribution Association, summarized the essence of the Internet of Things into three major characteristics:
Internet characteristics, that is, the need for networking "thing" must be able to achieve interoperability of the Internet;
Identification and communication characteristics, that is, the "things" included in the Internet of Things must have the function of Automatic Identification and Object Communication (M2M);
Intelligent features, that is, the network system should have the characteristics of automation, self-feedback and intelligent control.
IoT in the field of logistics applications
Logistics is one of the most important application fields of IoT technology, and IoT technology is the basis for realizing smart logistics. As a pillar industry of national economy, logistics industry must rely on the comprehensive application of IoT technology if it wants to achieve further growth, meet the increasing logistics demand and realize smart logistics.
The "Opinions on the Implementation of Wisdom Logistics and Distribution System" issued by the Ministry of Commerce clearly states that the Wisdom Logistics and Distribution System is a system that uses advanced information technologies such as the Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing and big data to support warehousing, distribution, distribution and processing , Information services and other logistics links to achieve system awareness, comprehensive analysis, timely processing and self-adjustment and other functions of the modern integrated logistics system, with automation, intelligence, visualization, networking, flexibility and so on.
In other words, it is necessary to use IOT technology as the foundation and information and intelligent equipment as the carrier to comprehensively promote the integration of the logistics industry with manufacturing and commerce, the integration of logistics and business flow, information flow and capital flow, the Internet, Mobile Internet, Internet of things and car networking integration, so as to improve efficiency, reduce costs and improve the logistics industry's comprehensive service capabilities and the overall level of development.
Through years of research on the Internet of Things, Wang Jixiang pointed out that the relatively mature applications of the Internet of things in the logistics industry are mainly concentrated in the following four aspects:
First, the product of intelligent traceability network system: In medicine, agricultural products, food, tobacco and other industries, product traceability system plays a tremendous role in tracking, identification, query, information collection and management of goods, based on Internet of Things Traceability system to protect the quality and safety of products provided a guarantee.
Second, the logistics process of visual intelligent management network system: based on GPS satellite navigation and positioning technology, RFID technology, sensor technology and other technologies in the logistics process in real-time positioning of vehicles, transport items monitoring, online scheduling and delivery visualization and management system. At present, the transparency and visual management of logistics operations have been initially realized. The full networked and intelligent visual management network has yet to be developed.
Third, the intelligent enterprise logistics and distribution center: based on sensors, RFID and other Internet of Things technology to establish intelligent control of logistics operations, automated operation of the network, to achieve full automation of logistics and distribution centers, logistics and production linkage, and with the business flow, information Flow, capital flow fully coordinated.
Fourth, the enterprise's smart supply chain: logistics network based on IoT technology upgrade smart logistics and smart supply chain to meet the rapid development of e-commerce and intelligent manufacturing environment generated a large number of individual needs and orders to help companies accurately predict the customer Demand, to achieve the wisdom of the entire supply chain.
IoT in the field of logistics applications
(1) electricity supplier + Internet of things
The vigorous development of e-commerce has promoted the improvement of the logistics management and operation level and entered the new phase of logistics intelligence. In turn, the automation of logistics system and the upgrading of informationization capabilities have in turn promoted the further development of e-commerce. E-commerce logistics has provided a good application environment for IoT technologies. In the next few years, IoT technology will be the best way to solve the problem of personnel shortage, information blockage and compliance faced by the industry and become a further preemption by E-commerce enterprises The market's important technical support.
Today, e-commerce companies are actively seeking multi-dimensional cooperation with the Internet of Things companies, and strive to achieve with IoT technology to continue to upgrade logistics and strengthen their own competitiveness. For example, in January 2017, JD.com, Zebra Technologies and Digital China jointly announced the establishment of the "IoT + E-Commerce Logistics Joint Laboratory" to focus on the improvement of the three major scenarios: enhancing the efficiency of existing picking and reviewing of packages, pallets and cages Vehicle asset visualization intelligent management, looking for visual and data analysis in the logistics application.
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